So I reinstalled W11 again and the game is working now. I narrowed down the problematic software to GlobalProtect VPN which I use for work. Doesn't matter if it's connected or not, it seems it messes with the network configuration and I keep getting the 85009S error as long as it's installed on my PC. No other game has such issues with it. I guess I'll install a second "work only" windows iteration on a different partition, so I don't have to reinstall every single weekend.
As many here have said, this is not a viable solution, as I shouldn't have to go to such lengths to play this game that I bought from a multi-billion dollar corporation. It's embarrassing... I hope the Saudis get EA in line.