Two of my favorite ways to make money were not included in the poll - apply for extra funds at university and the familyfunds cheat (usually so they can afford a lot for a particular scenario).
I also like to make money via the rabbit-hole careers and the self-employed professions (although I don't usually have more than 1 of those in a household) and also traveling (not necessarily tomb raiding exclusively).
No matter how I get my initial investment I almost always buy rabbit-hole partnerships. I usually don't buy the rabbit-hole businesses or venues but have tried both. There are certain partnerships that will return the initial investment the fastest (5 weeks) - the spa/bookstore combo, the film back lot, the hospital, the business/bistro combo and the hospital/science lab combo. Some partnerships will recover almost all of the initial investment in 5 weeks - sports stadium, equestrian center and science lab.
ETA: If I haven't gotten money via uni or familyfunds cheat I will often create a 10X10 lot and move my sim there. They will usually travel to China to increase their gardening skill and to pay for the trip with a little extra. They will actually sleep, shower, watch TV and eat at community lots nearby because as much of their money as can be spared is invested. Although they can't initially afford one of the fast-return partnerships (spa/bookstore is the cheapest at $20,000) they will invest as much as they can that first week. With a rabbit-hole job with promotions and the dividend payout from the first Monday and selling that initial partnership by the second Sunday they can afford one of the better partnerships.
Since I play on normal life span with 21 days in the young adult stage my sims don't have much time to accumulate some money, find a partner and start having kids. So sometimes I will start a game with my main sim as a child with parent(s), but most often with a grandparent. In those cases I don't apply for funds from uni or use familyfunds cheat but by the time my sim is a young adult they have at least one of the fast-return partnerships. With that guaranteed weekly income my sim usually becomes self-employed but does not have to slave away at it to live comfortably.