@graceymanors A useful test would be to pull your game folder out of Documents, open the launcher to create a new one, and then copy over the save, with no mods or cc, to test. If it's a custom world, you can install that world, but don't add anything else. Your graphics options will be reset to defaults, and any stale cache files will be gone.
I'm guessing you checked your deviceconfig to make sure the .sgr edits went smoothly? Even a punctuation error wouldn't likely cause this, but it's worth checking anyway. A more common cause of this kind of thing is changing your graphics settings while you have a save loaded, or doing so at the Main Menu and then loading a save without quitting to desktop first. And exiting to the Main Menu wouldn't get rid of the problem, so if you started a new save from there, you'd likely see the same issues. A clean folder would take care of the problem though.
Before you jump to the possibility that your graphics card is failing, it's worth considering that its driver is corrupted. Of course, you can't do a clean install of a new driver without a password, but if you've recovered yours, the process wouldn't hurt and might fix the problem.
The point of hwinfo is to track certain stats for your hardware, like temperature and voltage. If you're not sure what you're looking at yourself, you could start logging (the button is along the bottom of the window) and play for 20-30 minutes, then upload the log to a filesharing site and link it here for me to read. It wouldn't cover everything, but it's a good place to start. There's no personal info in it, unless you count your specs.