I suggest you take advantage of the offer from @SubsidedLemon and add SubsidedLemon as a friend on Origin. It is probably going to be easier to fix with someone in real-time rather than going through multiple posts like this.
Looking at your logs, they are pretty comparable to mine except that you had DirectX and VCRuntime already installed. I see that there was an error posted in DxDiag for SimCity.exe; the error code is not very useful (and I'm terrible at deciphering dxdiag reports anyway)
I am just not seeing anything that points to an obvious problem. Maybe a random file is corrupted somewhere, or a weird program incompatibility exists. Make certain that you don't have MSI's sound program, Nahimic 2 or BitDefender running. If you do, you need to completely disable or uninstall them.
Set both SimCity.exe and Origin.exe to "run as Administrator"
Run SimCityRecovery.exe (as Administrator) from \Program Files (x86)\Origin Games\SimCity\SimCityRecovery (Don't try running from menu, go to the file)
Choose to "Repair Game" in Origin - open Origin, right-click SimCity icon, Repair Game
Right-click SimCity.exe, choose Properties > Compatibility tab; Check the box to "Run in Windows 8 Compatability Mode".
Under Properties > Compatibility tab, click "Change High DPI Settings" Check the box that says "Override high DPI scaling behavior" and choose the scaling to be performed by application.
If none of these work, try a clean boot and attempt to launch SimCity. If it launches, you'll have some detective work to do, enable one startup program at a time, reboot, try SimCity, until you find the program that is blocking it. If you find an offending program, disable or uninstall it so that you don't have to do a clean boot every time. (and reply back to let us know the program)
Fingers crossed you can get this resolved soon. Good luck!
