@0xczdihev0kmThe damage numbers (the ones alongside hitmarkers, unless you're talking about the end of round damage, for which I have no idea) are damage dealt to each person and vehicle, rounded to some integer, likely nearest unless 0 in which case 1. When you explode a tank, you don't deal damage to the people in it (their death is likely a separate thing that just gets triggered due to them being inside the vehicle). If you hit a rocket on a LATV, you will likely deal damage to both the passengers and the vehicle, so you can easily get over 100 damage, if not 200, but no kills.
If you shoot at vehicles with something that deals below 1.0 damage, you will deal "1" damage, and if you keep shooting you can easily get "30" damage, but the vehicle has only ~10-15% missing.
The damage numbers will not show you dealing more damage than a person's health. You can pretty easily tell this is the case by landing a headshot with any sniper rifle, which should say something around ~200 damage most of the time if this were the case. The sniper/gvt headshot multiplier is 4x. You can also observe this with mega low damage bullets, like the GVT's AP ammo or IIRC the XCE's subsonic + heavy suppressor.
You will get hitsounds, hitmarkers and I think damage numbers when your Irish shield gets damaged. Debris from vehicles that you've destroyed will deal damage to some things it collides with - it can damage light vehicles or kill people. Sadly, this doesn't apply to other environmental damage.
I believe some ammo types on some guns penetrate people (so you can hit multiple if they're standing behind one another),you can end up dealing high damage this way as well. Flechettes make note of this explicitly (though then again, the VCAR's drum mag used to say it makes it automatic!), and AP ammo likely does this, but I'm not sure about the other more commonly used ammo types.