I don't have windows 10 but I also had trouble installing sweetfx for sims 3. I think that reshade is either a new version of sweetfx or an alternative to it, maybe you should try that? It's easier to customize since you download the base program and then you can go and download other people's presets or make your own in game, and you can switch between the presets easily if you put multiples in your folder (though you probably should keep the amount of presets you have in there to a minimum, because lag.) You do have to install direct X 2010 from microsoft for it to work though, you can find that
here.But yeah, reshade is what I used when I couldn't get sweetfx to work. If you want it you can get it
here. And the presets can work on whatever game, I think, so even if it says a preset is for such and such game, you could probably still try it on ts3.
There's a tutorial
here on installation if you need visuals, it's for ts4 but I think you download it basically the same, just find your sims 3 .exe file wherever it's located instead of the ts4 one. There were tutorials for ts3 but they were on outdated versions of the program, which you can still use, but I'm not sure all presets will work with them.
Other than that, if you don't want to try reshade, then I saw a video about using radeonpro to help install sweetfx, not reshade. It only worked partially for me though since I couldn't untick and edit the different shaders or textures or whatever you call them like the guy was doing in the video but that's better than nothing, though I'd still recommend reshade. Said video is
here if you want it, it's about a different game but same principle.