What I discovered about Likes and Dislikes as it pertains to Sim Profiles.
Note: the following pertains to Sims Outside of your household. Asking about Likes and Dislikes to Sims within your household does not break the Sim profiles, in my testing (I think because your sim already knows them?)
So, upon further investigation, if you find out a Sim's hobby/hobbies, it will not break the Sim profile. But finding either likes in music or color Does break the Sim profile.
But oddly, if a Sim has none, and you use testingcheats to edit them in CAS, in order to give them Likes and Dislikes, you can ask them about their hobbies all day and never learn them (in my testing anyway). Editing Sims this way still allows you to learn their likes or dislikes of color or music, but those of course break the Sim profile.
When the profile initially breaks, you can still go back and view their profile, but only age and learned traits show up (nothing about job or friendship levels). Closing the profile and opening it back up, will eventually break all profiles to the point that none will open up.
The only way to fix the profiles, as I stated before, is to restart the game (returning to the main menu and reloading a save does not help). But as soon as you click on a Sim's profile of someone whom you learned a color or music preference of, the Sim profiles will be broken again.
Summary: For Sims not living in your household, learning a Sim's Likes and Dislikes in color and music breaks the Sim profile (initially just for that Sim, but eventually all Sims). Learning hobbies does not break Sim profiles, however if you added their hobbies (with Testingcheats CAS) you won't ever learn the hobbies, thus not breaking the Sim Profile.
Summary of the Summary: don't ask Sims outside of your household about their colors or music, if you don't want the Sim profiles to get broken.
Hopefully this gets fixed soon, so we can make use of the most recent updates.