I am having an issue with my Infection Scanner also.
I haven't used mods or cc and only logged about 70 gaming hours.
I have passed all but the final story stage, I've created and trialled the experimental vaccine, but now I need spores for the real thing, plus some for extra weapons against Mother.
Here is the problem...I visit The Lab because it provides a surplus of spores when scanning but now the scanner shows unavailable due to battery charge. This is regardless of how long I leave it between scans and despite confirming available charge prior to leaving my home lot to visit The Lab.
This issue does not appear to be related to a change in the story stage, because it worked just fine to find spores for the experimental vaccine.
I have seen a couple of solutions provided, which I will try this evening, but these seem to be work arounds.
EDIT It is possible that trips to the library are an inconsistent fix. It seems that those players affected must visit the library first. I've had my Sim speak to residents about the town and then travelled immediately to The Lab. So far 3/5 times, it worked.