That looks like the earthquake moodlet.
Edit expanding my answer now that I have access to my computer instead of my phone:
I think there's an (understandable) confusion of systems here. Moodlets come in a variety of different "flavors" including:
Sims 4 runs on these moodlets - everything is connected to them.
Wants & fears is a system which creates the little thought bubbles with things that Sims want to do (for aspiration points) and special "fear" characteristics that will trigger moodlets. These moodlets are not always the scared moodlet - they can also be angry or uncomfortable - but they often are. The fear remover potion removes these fear characteristics/tags from the Sim, not the moodlets.
The scared moodlet in the photo is not from the Wants & Fears system, and so cannot be removed with the fear remover potion. Instead, it's from having the earthquake lot challenge on. If you remove the lot challenge, your Sims will stop getting scared.
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