Ideas
Saves are not even needed with this one: just go on the gallery, and download families with children. Some of them will have this issue (tested with families in my gallery - Down-In-Simsland, or my brother - simsontherope).
So it's purely an hypothesis at this point, but seeing it affects all my children makes me wonder: I always create children in cas as teens, modify their features for them to look good when they will age up, then turn them into children (without saving the family or going in-game in between). Maybe that's why they retain some body features they are not supposed to show as children as body sliders should be unavailable / not displayed.
Down-in-Simsland You might be onto something there.
The last few weeks I've been playing a save game "The Early Days" where I play as children some of the teens and young adults from my previous save. So obviously, I imported them all and de-aged them in CAS.
I did not have to import and de-age those EA-created Sims that are children at the beginning of a new game anyway. And those all seem okay, see the example below.