Teleported by a magic bullet? That's a new one....

Had it one patch ago... the server information and  my client information were not the same. For the server, I was in a very different location, as I have seen on my monitor. Could move around the whole map, couldn't kill anybody but could tell  my brother, where the enemies were standing. Ended after  some minutes, somebody found my "server"  location  and killed me. 

Translated to your problem: You saw yourself on  the right  bridge, for the server,  you were  on  the left one. You could not hit the enemy, because you shoot for the server into the air. You died and the game synchronized your position, so  for  your client, you were teleported to the left bridge. 

Never experienced that in another modern shooter, DICE surprises every time. But I only experienced   it once, so it is very rare bug.

The Desync in this game is legendary. When you take a bad game engine, use a 45hz tick rate, add some heavy lag compensation, then make all players join via MM, this is the result. There is no fix.

Yup, netcode desync. The video below shows a soldier standing in front of a concrete barrier, but the other player sees him standing behind it.

If you watch the first 2 seconds of the video, you see the guy in the top screen jump off some crates towards the cement barrier, but do a turn in mid-air. The server doesn't realize this and jumps him over the barrier, even though really he turned mid-air before going over the barrier. Now he's in two different locations at the same time. In front of the concrete barrier and behind it.

It makes me think 2042 has so many netcode issues with desync that DICE just switched off synchronization so players stop rubber banding. Rubber banding is caused when the server corrects a player's location.

The latest patch had several fixes/changes for various 'soldier animations', this could be the reason that things feels even more broken than before.

I personally feel that CQC is broken now, things feels way too random, hits not registering, getting one-shotted all the time, mouse-movement sometimes seems weird, etc etc.