Still no dynamic lighting—a DECADE later...
Despite the college game getting a sun that actually works like a sun, moving relative to the Earth (or vice versa), somehow Madden's team was not aware that the sun is not a static lightbulb in the ...
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It seems to be related to time. Using one of the apps from the Madden Modding Community, we can adjust the kickoff time of games. It seems shadows seem entirely frozen whenever the kickoff time is somewhere below 3:30 PM. I have not tested the exact moment when this change occurs, but every time I start a game at around, say, 3:50, I get the changes in shadows at least by the fourth quarter, but usually by half time.
However, before say 2 PM, I'm not seeing it.
EDIT: I play on 12 or 13 minute quarters with accelerated clock at 12-13 seconds. I DO see progressive lighting but ONLY on late afternoon games. I did see it once on an evening game. But again, this is with me adjusting kickoff times with the PC Madden Modding Community app. It DOES seem that the deciding factor is kickoff time.