Oh, I missed that those were two separate Achievements.
I, myself, have not yet started an Insanity playthrough.
I was going to do that after importing an ME3 save. That way I get to start with a bunch of weapons unlocked and at level 5, with the ability to upgrade them to 10.
6 Months after release, I still haven't started my insanity run.
You are a week in and most of the way through one try? Sounds like doing it again, if worse comes to worse will not be too hard for you.
Still Sony tech support would have the answers. They might not know much about Mass Effect 3 specifically, but I'm sure they have handled a few cases where trophy progression was lost, and they may know how to fix it.