For those who are as frustrated as I am, I'm sure there are multiple reasons this error could occur, but I'll write down what the issue was for me.
Problem: Attempt to install Origin Update and get the 9:0 error. (Windows 10)
What I found
I uninstalled Origin and still got the error. Looked in the file explorer and saw that even though Origin was not installed, there was an origin directory in Program Files. I attempted to delete the files as administrator but a process was holding on to them, so I could not delete them.
The task manager and saw a suspended process called OriginWebServiceHost. I attempted to force end it, but got an Access Denied error.
After attempting various methods of force killing the process, I restarted the machine, but the process was still there. So I went to Power Options => Additional Power Settings => Choose What the Power Buttons Do => Change Settings that Are Currently Unavailable => Uncheck the "Turn on fast startup" option
After disabling that, I restarted my PC, deleted the origin directory in Program Files, and was able to successfully install the client. Hope this helps someone else