Yes, this can work, with the family tree and all other save data preserved, if you use NRaas Traveler and follow the steps to change the sims' homeworld once they're in that new world. Be sure to make a backup copy of your save before they travel, just in case something goes wrong and you need to try again. This guide covers the process of changing homeworlds as well as other common questions:
https://www.nraas.net/community/Traveler-FAQ#Is-it-possible-to-switch-homeworlds-permanently