I had changed my in-game screen settings so that they were not fullscreen. It worked out well, until I closed out of my game. When I went to play it again, it only loaded the launcher and the sounds, the screen was still black. So, I decided to come on here and follow the trouble shooting steps.
However, I knew where I went wrong, so all I had to do was open up the options.ini file in both my Sims 3_Backup folder and my new Sims 3 folder, find the fullscreen setting, and change the 0 to 1 (So that it matched the default setting.)
It fixed my game, without making me have to copy and paste all of those files.