Very interesting thread! I'm just going to comment on ghosts and merfolk.
The perks you described would make ghosts much more interesting to play. I recently played a couple of ghosts and the ghost interactions 'scare' and 'pass through' are fun and I wish there was more to them. Murphy bed ghosts' ability to posses sims and drain their energy is super cool too and my favourite. I wouldn't mind if the other ghosts could do something similar as long as Murphy bed ghosts would still have some special thing. I really like the different types of ghosts we have and their small abilities, because those make them more individual.
I have wanted merfolk to have their own perk tree, because then it's possible to personalise them more and kind of show how weak or strong they are depending on what they can do and how many powers they have. Still I kind of agree with your point too that they could all have equal powers and they'd just need more details and abilities. I think I'd be fine with that too, as long as they got more depth. I really like the little details you described.