Re: how to purposely get sick on the sims4
If you have the My First Pet pack, you can get a guinea pig as a pet. If you make them dislike you (like not cleaning their cage or ignoring them) and then pick them up, then you can get bitten. THEN, there’s a fairly high probability that you’ll get rabid rodent fever (or something like that). I’m pretty sure you can die from it.
Sometimes you get food poisoning from eating at a restaurant. And poorly prepared pufferfish nigiri is detrimental to sim health.
In any case, your Sims will eventually get sick on their own and that’s more likely to happen if you hang out with other sick people, as already mentioned. I imagine extended exposure to negative emotions (e.g., tense) also increases their susceptibility. You could try having them ‘work hard’ every day for a bit.