I have been playing my game for a good part of the day today to try to duplicate this bug because this was the first I had heard of it. I was trying to figure out if it could be a mod or not. I am playing on a save I created after the patch. I had added back in MCCC, TOOL, BBB, More Columns in CAS, and UI Cheats. It wasn't happening with those, but my sims were going to another sink to wash their hands, and I still had the shoes after showering and swimming with shoes on bugs. So I removed the mods, deleted my cache files, and repaired my game. Not only did I not have the go back in time bug, but they stopped performing water-related activities with shoes on; also, they would use the potty without traveling to another side of the house to use the sink to wash their hands; they washed dishes in the kitchen sink too; plus, when my toddler got scared from a nightmare, mom came to her room autonomously to check on her! This hasn't happened in ages. No inappropriate romance bar showed up between parent and child either (admittedly, I haven't had this problem in a year and a half, but I saw some others saying they still had it.). Also, none of the wants were inappropriate, but I don't have any teen or young adult children in the house yet. I haven't tried the Long Life setting as it didn't work on a completely generic save, so I assume that is still an open issue. I was so happy with the outcome of this test that I may not put mods back in my game at the moment. However, to do a well-rounded test, I will pull one of the saves I played on before the patch and see if I get the same results. I wonder if EA is declaring war on mods? That would be stupid.
I suggest that once you pull your mods out, repair your game and see if that fixes anything.
I will update this once I play with an older save with a more varied age group.
EDIT: I played on an older save (July 12), and I did not have any problems like the one described or any of the others. I am playing on Normal life span though because I have the hyper aging on Long life span bug. My sims household is a dad mom and teen. Not inappropriate behavior, nothing.
Again, just a suggestion, repair your game after you remove your mods.