@jpkarlsen
I tried to update the graphics driver and it said it was unable to and told me to go to the manufacturers website for the updated driver (I've attached the specific error messages to this post). I went to the manufacturer website and there are no updates available for the graphics card through them either. The only other thing it recommended to do is to try to download a generic Intel graphic driver, but it said it may impact the performance of my computer, so I'm not sure if I want to go that route. Do you have any suggestions?
I'm still thinking it might be something Origin related, but I can't figure out quite how. I'm still getting very long loading times, but they are just slightly shorter when Origin is in online mode. When I start up Sims 4 with Origin running and online, it took 15 minutes from the time I clicked to open Sims 4 until the main menu popped up. During that time, it said "not responding" three times and there were a number of visual things on startup and the loading screen that were lagging. When I ran switched Origin into offline mode, it still took 12 minutes from the time I clicked to open Sims 4 until the main menu popped up, but there were no times where it said "not responding" and there was no visual lag. I still experienced the same issues outside of the game that I experienced before. When Origin is open and online, other programs on my computer begin to lag and freeze up; when Origin is closed or offline, everything works properly. I submitted a report through the Origin Error Reporter so that if it is an issue with Origin like I think it is, maybe something can be worked on to fix it.