JenbuPrsac Please close Corsair One and any associated processes, including anything in the Task Manager's Background Processes list, before trying to play. The app is throwing errors which may or may not be related, but this is an easy test.
Separately, are you getting BlueScreens while playing Sims 4, or in another context, or are you not seeing them at all? They're definitely happening—there are a few listed in your dxdiag—but sometimes the user can miss them if they happen during what appears to be a normal shutdown sequence.
Finally, check your motherboard's support page for a BIOS update. If you find one, install it and test the game again. Your class of processor sometimes has stability issues that show up in Sims 4, and a BIOS update often, but not always, fixes the issue. Your dxdiag doesn't list the usual error that this instability causes though, so this may not be your particular problem.