Laptop/desktop Recommendations

Bonxie_MCCC  A dedicated graphics card, desktop or mobile, has its own video memory pretty much by definition.  The right Ryzen 5 is more than fine for all games listed.  An NVMe drive is an SSD, the faster type.  And no proper gaming system currently on the market comes with an HDD for a system drive.

If a laptop overheats and shuts down, it's defective.  This should never happen.  All computer components (in laptops and in desktops) are designed to throttle performance when necessary to protect themselves from overheating, and laptops are designed to be able to cool the hardware they contain, usually with minimal to moderate throttling depending on the components and use cases.  A shutdown would only happen if the throttling couldn't get temperatures under control, which would in turn mean a problem with the cooling solution.  That means not a poorly-designed laptop, as even the worst-quality builds should never get to this point, but a defective unit.

SEREFRAS  Mods are fine when used responsibly.  At worst they can corrupt a save, but that's one excellent reason to keep backups.

telemwill  When you're ready to buy a new system, feel free to create your own thread in PC tech asking for advice.  Please list your budget and country as well as any other details that matter to you, for example screen size in a laptop.

I could give you a general idea of what to look for now, but listing specific examples would be pointless because of how quickly prices and availability change.