Sims 4 will open, then immediately close.

@ThePrincessPluto  Did disabling Origin in-game help?  If not, please move your entire Sims 4 folder out of Documents\Electronic Arts and onto your desktop.  When you launch the game, if it launches, a clean folder will spawn with no content.  Don't add anything to this folder yet; just see whether you can start a new save and play for a bit.

If the game still won't open, try repairing it in Origin: open your game library, right-click on the Sims 4 icon, and select Repair.

If that doesn't help either, the next step would be doing a clean uninstall of the driver for your graphics card.  The errors in your dxdiag may all be related to the driver, although that doesn't always mean that the driver itself is the problem.  And since that's a bit of a long process, it's easier to try the intermediate steps first.  However, if those don't help, the clean uninstall and reinstall is the best way to proceed.

Download Display Driver Uninstaller from here:

https://www.wagnardsoft.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=3202

Download the recommended AMD driver for your card, the one dated May 26, from here:

https://www.amd.com/en/support/graphics/radeon-500-series/radeon-rx-500-series/radeon-rx-580

Next, take your computer completely offline—disable wifi and/or pull the ethernet cord—and double-click the DDU.exe.  Take note of where the file will land, and click Extract.  If it's easier, you can copy the path and then paste it into the address bar in a File Explorer window.  Open the folder and then launch Display Driver Uninstaller.exe, and you'll get a message that you're not in Safe Mode.  Click OK, then go to Options and enable Safe Mode dialog.  Here's a screenshot of what your options should look like; make sure the box in red is checked:

Close options, and the DDU, and then open the DDU.exe again.  For launch options, choose "Safe Mode (Recommended)," and then click Reboot to Safe Mode (you'll need your password, so find it before rebooting).  Once you login, you'll see this:

In the blue box, choose GPU, then AMD if it's not already showing.  Then click Clean and Restart (red box).

Once your computer has rebooted, now back in normal mode, run the driver install .exe as an admin: right-click and select "Run as administrator."

Reboot again, go back online, and see whether the game works normally.  If not, let me know.