I've been at this for a couple days. I have done every troubleshooting step that I could find online. The only thing I can come up with is that the EA app is the failure point here. I have reinstalled the game, restarted the app, repaired the app, cleared the cache, reinstalled steam, relinked steam, checked registry keys, added exceptions to the firewall, disabled my firewall, disabled windows security, turned off my vpn...nothing I have found on any forum, here, reddit, steam...etc. has worked. This game ran flawlessly with Origin. The forced change to the EA app has crippled a game I paid full price for. I was considering pre-ordering Jedi Survivor, but if I can't get a game I already own to work, why would I buy more games that will likely not work? Fix your app.
UPDATE: Ok, this is really stupid that I have had to do this. The EA app natively tries to install to my C drive. My Steam library is on a different drive. I changed where Jedi Fallen Order installed to my C drive and now it shows up in the EA app and is playable. I don't know if anyone else runs their library from a different drive, but that might help you in this instance. EA, you really need to fix this if that is the bug that others are having like I had. Most people are running multiple drives in their gaming PCs.
ANOTHER UPDATE: After changing the install location of the EA app to the same drive as my steam library, then installing Jedi Fallen Order back to my games drive, it no longer sees that it's installed at all. After moving my installation of Jedi Fallen Order back to my boot drive, the EA app is able to see the game. The EA app must only be looking for games on your boot drive. This is a stupid failure by EA.