Updating again, in case some of this data actually helps anyone.
Lots of solutions didn't work. The one that finally began to help was Dragannia's suggestion of disabling hair strand graphics. Made sense to try as I am also getting some mild graphical artifacting with them on. The game isn't as pretty as it could be, but disabling it let me get through Character Creation and into the game finally, so that's something. Unfortunately, it has not stopped the crashes. (Same error message with the crash.)
Played for about 9 hours today and experienced 14 crashes. Playtime between them ranged from 9 minutes to 1 hour and 17 minutes. Eight crashes were in cutscenes, one was in combat, one was in a vendor window, and the other four were just running around in different zones. Six crashes also caused the EA App to crash, and one was so violent it locked up Windows for a bit. I've restarted my PC, repaired installations, cleared caches--more of the same. Might get lucky with one of them, right? But none of these things seemed to affect the length of gameplay before a crash.