The same thing happens to me and i have heard of many ways to fix it try this, i got it off a steam forum from this guy named McGunns
I checked the Spore forums, because I too were having the exact same errors and this is what I found.
It is due to 64 bit Window 7 registry deleting the SPORE entries automatically after each installation and patching.
HOW TO FIX SPORE for 64 bit Windows 7
1. Open C:\Windows\regedit as administrator
2. Find
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Wow6432node\Electronic Arts\SPORE
3. Add the following as string value if they are not there
AppDir = SPORE
DataDir = C:\Program Files (x86)\Electronic Arts\SPORE\Data\
InstallLoc = C:\Program Files (x86)\Electronic Arts\SPORE
PlayerDir = My Spore Creations
4. Add the following as 32bit DWORD value
ReIndexYesOrNo = 0
InstallCompleted = 1
5. Open Spore and have fun
Note: change the blue text to your installation directory, the one shown is the default directory
>blue text was the c:\ files next to DataDir and InstallLoc
I tried looking for the exact place but I couldn't find the files to change.
Maybe you will have more luck