I've seen this many, many times in Revan vs. Revan matches but I can't get it to reproduce 100%. It seems to be a random influence, such as the Retribution buff not giving 100% counter chance, but something like 50%.
And yes, I am paying attention to the Strategic Advantage buff and I know it prevents counter attacks.
Because I don't record my games, I haven't sent a video in to CG, but someone did make a bug report about this in the bug report forum and I gave it the thumbs up that I have that issue as well. I suggest everyone else do the same.
Just tonight, for instance, I saw this example:
Enemy GMY did not have Strategic Advantage. All 5 of my jedi had Retribution up. Enemy GMY does his AOE attack. 2 out of the 5 of my jedi counter attack him, the other 3 do not. Explain this.