I don't think that Adrenaline is interfering with Sims 3's settings, at least not the way you've set it up. There's no equivalent to GFE's check box to optimize settings, as far as I can see, and the only option currently enabled ("Surface format optimization") is something that might not even have an equivalent in-game. You can try disabling that if you want, but I'm not sure it's going to help.
Instead, I'd suggest trashing your current options.ini and letting the game generate a new one, then seeing whether you have more success changing the resolution. Please do so at the Main Menu, not while you have a save loaded, then (if the game doesn't freeze) quit to desktop before loading a save. The same applies for changing any other graphics settings.
Your graphics card isn't recognized, which is not really a problem. (It's being used by the game but is not in the database.) If you'd like to change that, I can help you manually edit the .sgr files, or you can use this tool from NexusMods:
https://www.nexusmods.com/thesims3/mods/106
You'd need a (free) account to download it.
If none of this helps, please let me know whether OneDrive is running, and also whether you use a third-party antivirus, and which one.
