@Adoringly Given the fact that there's nothing concerning in the CBS log, yet your computer still won't run basic commands, there are some serious issues with your Windows install. The two options at this point are to use an image of your current Windows build to do repairs (an in-place upgrade), or to force update to the newest build.
The in-place upgrade has two concerns. One is that you'd need to find an image of build 1809, which Microsoft doesn't offer for download anymore, so you'd have to use a third-party source. There are a few good ones, but some people wouldn't be comfortable with this. The other is that although the process normally preserves your data, it's easy to mess up and erase everything by accident. Still, if you'd like to go this route, let me know.
The other option is to force an update to 1909, the newest build. It's best to do so through the Microsoft website rather than the update function on your computer. Use Edge specifically, rather than another browser, and go here:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windows10
Click the Update Now button under Windows 10 November 2019 Update, right at the top. Then launch the update tool from Downloads.