I think unless there is a specific pop up when they're at work to affect skills, there isn't really any other impact on skills when they're at work. School and university classes dont seem to develop skills, but they do affect performance and grades.
KawaiiStacie has a mod called Smarter Homework (I'm not sure if it's updated) that lets kids and teens build skills through completing their homework, which doesn't solve the problem completely, but it can be helpful to keep slowly building their skills :)