I am having the same issues as @JessandThomas22 with a fresh install of the game on Windows 10. I did a fresh install of Windows 10 (told it to "Keep Nothing"), and have installed Origin and Sims 4.
Here's the full text of the error:
Unable to Start:
Cannot start because required game data is missing or damaged. Please try reinstalling the game.
I've tried reinstalling 3 times, even tried reinstalling Origin, keep getting same error message. I tried your solution of clearing the cache and renaming the Sims 4 folder, but the problem is that there is no Sims 4 folder in documents yet, as this is a fresh install.