Just to give an update.
I already had a cooling pad. I also cleaned my laptop with compressed air and now the temperatures seem lower by 5-7 °C, so that's nice. I did clear the game cache. Unfortunately from what I have googled my laptop won't allow setting the fan speed as a lot of features aren't accessible in the BIOS and would only be editable by special mods. Not sure if I want to go this way.
The error is still present in the form of the loading screen, I guess I'll try deleting the picture file to see what happens then (I remember this was suggested for SnV, where in the Dashroode fight some people would get a loading screen when teleported.) It's still much better than what was before.
When you said "power option is set to high performance", you meant that in the nvidia control panel? If so that was on high settings and not adaptive.
Power option as in Windows Power Options see this link
Do not delete the loading screen , cut it out and paste it back before any patches as it may cause issues being missing
