Sims 3 only runs without custom content, but I don't have any custom content.

@ayyyeden What motherboard do you have in your computer? Can you hear the fans of the Radeon RX 580 speed up when you play the game? Is the monitor plugged into the Radeon card or the motherboard video port? How old is the video card? Have you bench marked the video card to see if there is an issue 3D video? When you re install the operating system there are some settings you need to do for this game. The most important setting is in the control panel - programs and features - you need to enable .net framework. Just enable both 3.5 and 4.7 and reboot the computer. The error you are getting may be a hardware issue of overheating - the fans on the Radeon card should be noticeably louder running a 3D graphical game. New computers are not immune to defective components although rare I have seen bad memory modules and bad graphics cards out of the box.