Does high school years effect other life stages?

Plus the fact that how your sim finishes the high school will affect their career and university path.

Sims who dropped out or got expelled cannot join certain careers and cannot study regular degrees at universities.

However, if we take previous life stages (children and toddlers), then mostly nope. Children can ride the Ferris Wheel and spooky house attractions, but there are so much new objects they can't use: footballs, photo booths, escape windows, pillow fights etc.