Yours are actually quite tame compared to many I've seen, garish colors, nothing harmonizes, and what seems like every accessory in CAS on one sim. Not only do our sims dress in the dark but I believe whoever came up with this stuff lives in the dark, never seeing what real people wear.
Most of your guys look like winter coats over warm weather outfits, so the issues you describe. EA really should provide for dark blue and dark grey, not just the light tones shown. Shoes/boots should be black in all 5 cases, that shade of brown throws everything else off. #$-the guy is not a clown, so agree no gold on the trousers or shirt. If that's supposed to medieval, then a heraldic device, not that mass of spaghetti. #5 - can see where you get the sea captain. Having spent many years in navy can verify that coat, trousers, and shoes all black. shirt white (sorry, but that's how it is). On the other hand, coat is almost always buttoned up so very little other than collar would be seen. For simming purposes black or dark blue or dark grey would work.
If you've not been to the 'Townie Fashion Police" thread go have a look. Wild stuff over there. Have seen similar on own sims when not controlling them or while making in CAS, so not confined to townies. I agree with you, it's a frustrating mess.