Do reports for sabotage result in any action?

Reports regarding game sabotage can take longer to process.

Chat reports are easier to process because they'd simply have to process the chat logs, which can usually be objectively right or wrong.

Gameplay sabotage can be harder to process as the entire game has to be checked to see if he were throwing.

(Though typically a marker is inserted around the time of the report in the match, possibly shortening the time, but sometimes users report them at the end of the match which doesn't help with the marker)

Even then, sabotage isn't something we can always classify as an objective thing, opinions might vary, the meaning of sabotage can be different per player.

If you find yourself encountering too many throwers then it's recommended to group up beforehand via an LFG system or with friends.