pigporkey The presence of all those extra entries means OneDrive is syncing your user data and duplicating some files. You can delete the duplicates if you want; the game isn't reading them. And you can delete all lastexception and lastUIexception files, as these are only useful for troubleshooting a specific crash or infinite loading issue. The old ones won't be relevant.
If you'd like to get rid of OneDrive, or keep it away from your Sims 4 data, please see the first post of this master thread:
[CURRENT ISSUE] Sims 4 saves/user content disappearing (PC) | EA Forums - 11838402
For the old save, does the problem happen with no mods or custom content present at all? I'm not sure from your description whether this test is with no mods or cc.